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NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness : ウィキペディア英語版
NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness

The NASA Solar Technology Application Readiness (NSTAR) is a type of spacecraft ion thruster called electrostatic ion thruster.〔Sovey, J. S., Rawlin, V. K., and Patterson, M. J.: "Ion Propulsion Development Projects in U. S.: Space Electric Rocket Test 1 to Deep Space 1." Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 17, No. 3, May-June 2001, pp. 517-526.〕 It is a highly efficient low-thrust spacecraft propulsion running on electrical power generated by solar arrays. It uses high-voltage electrodes to accelerate ions with electrostatic forces.
==Development and performance==

The purpose of NSTAR program was to develop a xenon-fueled ion propulsion system for deep space missions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Innovative Engines - The NSTAR Program )
The NSTAR electrostatic ion thruster was developed at NASA's Glenn Research Center and manufactured by Hughes, and Spectrum Astro, Inc. in the early 1990s. The feed system development was a collaborative effort between JPL and Moog Inc.〔
The ions are accelerated through two fine grids with roughly a 1300 V difference between them for 2.3 kW operation,〔 with a thrust of 20-92 mN¨ millinewtons, a specific impulse of 1950-31000 N·s/kg and a total impulse capability of 2.65 x106 Ns.〔 In 1996, the prototype engine endured 8000 hours of continuous operation in a vacuum chamber that simulates conditions of outer space. The results of the prototyping were used to define the design of flight hardware that was built for Deep Space 1 probe. One of the challenges was developing a compact and light weight power processing unit that converts power from the solar arrays into the kwtages needed by the engine.〔
The engine achieves a specific impulse of one to three thousand seconds. This is an order of magnitude higher than traditional space propulsion methods, resulting in a mass savings of approximately half. This leads to much lighter and less expensive launch vehicles. Although the engine produces just 92 millinewtons (0.331 ounce-force) thrust at maximum power (2,100W on DS1 mission), the craft achieved high speed because ion engines thrust continuously for long periods of time.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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